{"id":14304,"date":"2026-09-25T13:04:09","date_gmt":"2026-09-25T13:04:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/deliry.com\/?p=14304"},"modified":"2026-09-25T13:06:48","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T13:06:48","slug":"collisions-entre-baleines-et-navires-une-menace-majeure","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/deliry.com\/?p=14304","title":{"rendered":"Collisions entre baleines et navires : une menace majeure"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les collisions avec les navires constituent une menace importante pour plusieurs esp\u00e8ces de grands c\u00e9tac\u00e9s, notamment la Baleine noire de l\u2019Atlantique Nord (<em>Eubalaena glacialis<\/em>), le Rorqual commun (<em>Balaenoptera physalus<\/em>), le Rorqual \u00e0 bosse (<em>Megaptera novaeangliae<\/em>), le Rorqual bleu (<em>Balaenoptera musculus<\/em>), le Cachalot (<em>Physeter macrocephalus<\/em>) et la Baleine grise (<em>Eschrichtius robustus<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ces collisions surviennent principalement lorsque les routes maritimes traversent les zones d\u2019alimentation, de reproduction ou de migration des baleines. Leur fr\u00e9quence r\u00e9elle reste difficile \u00e0 estimer, car certaines collisions passent inaper\u00e7ues et de nombreuses carcasses ne sont jamais retrouv\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les blessures observ\u00e9es peuvent \u00eatre tr\u00e8s graves : fractures, l\u00e9sions de la colonne vert\u00e9brale, h\u00e9morragies internes, traumatismes dus \u00e0 l\u2019impact avec la coque, ainsi que profondes lac\u00e9rations provoqu\u00e9es par les h\u00e9lices. La mort peut \u00eatre imm\u00e9diate ou survenir plus tard, \u00e0 la suite de blessures compromettant les capacit\u00e9s de d\u00e9placement, d\u2019alimentation ou de reproduction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La Baleine noire de l\u2019Atlantique Nord (<em>Eubalaena glacialis<\/em>) est particuli\u00e8rement vuln\u00e9rable. NOAA estime sa population \u00e0 environ 380 individus, dont seulement environ 70 femelles reproductrices. Depuis 2017, les collisions avec les navires et les enchev\u00eatrements dans les engins de p\u00eache figurent parmi les principales causes de mortalit\u00e9 anthropique document\u00e9es pour cette esp\u00e8ce. Les comportements alimentaires pr\u00e8s de la surface augmentent \u00e9galement son exposition au trafic maritime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e, le Rorqual commun (<em>Balaenoptera physalus<\/em>) et le Cachalot (<em>Physeter macrocephalus<\/em>) sont \u00e9galement concern\u00e9s. Des travaux men\u00e9s sur les c\u00f4tes m\u00e9diterran\u00e9ennes fran\u00e7aises ont associ\u00e9 une part importante des \u00e9chouages de Rorquals communs \u00e0 des collisions avec des navires. Le sanctuaire Pelagos constitue notamment une zone sensible en raison de la superposition entre forte fr\u00e9quentation maritime et pr\u00e9sence r\u00e9guli\u00e8re de c\u00e9tac\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La vitesse des navires est un facteur majeur. Une r\u00e9duction de vitesse augmente le temps de r\u00e9action et diminue la violence de l\u2019impact. Des limitations \u00e0 10 n\u0153uds sont ainsi utilis\u00e9es dans certaines zones sensibles. Au Canada, la pr\u00e9sence de baleines noires pr\u00e8s de Sept-\u00celes a \u00e9galement conduit \u00e0 une r\u00e9duction temporaire de la vitesse des navires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La pr\u00e9vention repose donc principalement sur la r\u00e9duction de la vitesse, l\u2019adaptation des routes maritimes, la surveillance de la pr\u00e9sence des baleines et l\u2019identification des zones \u00e0 haut risque. Pour les populations d\u00e9j\u00e0 tr\u00e8s r\u00e9duites, chaque mortalit\u00e9 suppl\u00e9mentaire peut ralentir fortement le r\u00e9tablissement de l\u2019esp\u00e8ce.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"725\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/deliry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/chocbaleines-725x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14306\" style=\"width:640px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/deliry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/chocbaleines-725x1024.jpg 725w, https:\/\/deliry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/chocbaleines-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/deliry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/chocbaleines-768x1085.jpg 768w, https:\/\/deliry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/chocbaleines.jpg 1055w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 725px) 100vw, 725px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Collisions avec les baleines<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-4fc3f8e1 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bibliographie<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li><strong>ACCOBAMS 2021<\/strong> &#8211; <em>Addressing mortalities and injuries to cetaceans from ship strikes in the Mediterranean<\/em>. &#8211; Fourteenth Meeting of the Scientific Committee.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ACCOBAMS 2023<\/strong> <em>&#8211; Progress report on the Conservation Management Plan for Mediterranean fin whales <\/em>(Balaenoptera physalus). &#8211; Scientific Committee.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>International Whaling Commission 2025<\/strong> &#8211; <em>State of the Cetacean Environment Report 2025<\/em>. &#8211; International Whaling Commission.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>GREMM \/ Baleines en direct. 2026<\/strong> &#8211;  <em>Observations de la semaine et P\u00eache aux actualit\u00e9s<\/em>. &#8211; 25 septembre 2026.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Webographie<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li>ACCOBAMS. (s. d.). <em>Vessel strikes<\/em> \u2192 <a href=\"https:\/\/accobams.org\/conservations-action\/ship-strikes\/\">https:\/\/accobams.org\/&#8230;<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>International Whaling Commission. (s. d.). <em>Ship strikes<\/em> \u2192 <a href=\"https:\/\/iwc.int\/management-and-conservation\/vessel-strikes\">https:\/\/iwc.int\/&#8230;<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>International Whaling Commission. (s. d.). <em>Cetacea: Classification of whales, dolphins and porpoises<\/em>  \u2192 <a href=\"https:\/\/iwc.int\/about-whales\/cetacea\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/iwc.int\/&#8230;<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NOAA Fisheries. (2026). <em>2017\u20132026 North Atlantic Right Whale Unusual Mortality Event<\/em>.\u2192 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fisheries.noaa.gov\/national\/marine-life-distress\/2017-2026-north-atlantic-right-whale-unusual-mortality-event\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.fisheries.noaa.gov\/national\/marine-life-distress\/&#8230;<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NOAA Fisheries. (s. d.). <em>Vessel strikes<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fisheries.noaa.gov\/national\/endangered-species-conservation\/vessel-strikes\">https:\/\/www.fisheries.noaa.gov\/&#8230;<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les collisions avec les navires constituent une menace importante pour plusieurs esp\u00e8ces de grands c\u00e9tac\u00e9s, notamment la Baleine noire de l\u2019Atlantique Nord (Eubalaena glacialis), le Rorqual commun (Balaenoptera physalus), le Rorqual \u00e0 bosse (Megaptera novaeangliae), &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14309,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14304","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-maintenance"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/deliry.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14304","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/deliry.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/deliry.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/deliry.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/deliry.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14304"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/deliry.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14304\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14308,"href":"https:\/\/deliry.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14304\/revisions\/14308"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/deliry.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14309"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/deliry.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14304"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/deliry.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14304"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/deliry.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14304"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}